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Hoger onderwijs --- West-Duitsland.

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Biologie --- Microbiologie --- Hoger onderwijs --- Bacterie --- Micro-organisme --- Kokken (bacterie) --- Zwam --- Parasitologie --- Besmettelijke ziekte --- Immunologie --- Virus (biologie)

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basisonderwijs --- leermethoden --- HO (hoger onderwijs) --- universitair onderwijs --- leerstoornissen --- onderwijsstructuur --- CLB (Centra voor Leerlingenbegeleiding) --- MST (Medisch Schooltoezicht) --- Study methods --- SO (secundair onderwijs) --- Enfants --- Enseignement --- Kinderen --- Onderwijs --- #gsdbP --- #PEDA *1.322.6 --- #GBIB:IDGP --- 450.8 --- leren leren (ler)

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The election of both Urban VI and Clement VII to the papacy in 1378, by the same body of cardinals, presented the church with an apparently insoluble constitutional difficulty. Dr Swanson examines the reaction to this situation from a hitherto unconsidered perspective: that of the universities to whom Europe turned to formulate the theories which would solve the problem. He examines the attempts by the academics to gain support for their various schemes and shows how these produced conflict at various levels: locally, between factions within individual universities; nationally, between rival universities, and between universities and their ecclesiastical and secular superiors; and internationally, as the universities adopted mutually exclusive attitudes and sometimnes clashed with their own popes. The concluding chapters show how the academics finally devised the conciliarist formula which led to the convocation of the Council of Pisa in 1409.

History of education and educational sciences --- Christian church history --- anno 1300-1399 --- Schism, The Great Western, 1378-1417 --- Universities and colleges --- Education, Medieval --- History --- 378 <09> --- -Education, Medieval --- Education --- Medieval education --- Seven liberal arts --- Civilization, Medieval --- Learning and scholarship --- Colleges --- Degree-granting institutions --- Higher education institutions --- Higher education providers --- Institutions of higher education --- Postsecondary institutions --- Public institutions --- Schools --- Education, Higher --- Great Schism --- Great Western Schism --- Papal Schism, 1378-1417 --- Western Schism --- Church history --- Papacy --- Geschiedenis van het hoger onderwijs. Geschiedenis van het universitair onderwijs --- Education, Medieval. --- Schism, The Great Western, 1378-1417. --- History. --- 378 <09> Geschiedenis van het hoger onderwijs. Geschiedenis van het universitair onderwijs --- Arts and Humanities --- Schism [The Great Western, 1378-1417 ] --- Europe --- Education [Medieval ] --- Universities and colleges - Europe - History

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Social stratification --- Political sociology --- France --- Elites --- Executives --- Cabinet officers --- Government executives --- Cadres (Personnel) --- Ministres --- Hauts fonctionnaires --- Politics and government --- Executive departments --- Politique et gouvernement --- Départements ministériels --- Elite (Social sciences) --- 35.08 <44> --- #SBIB:35H2112 --- #SBIB:35H6012 --- #SBIB:324H41 --- #SBIB:023.IO --- Enseignement supérieur Hoger onderwijs --- Fonctionnaires Ambtenaren --- Pouvoirs dans l'Etat Machten binnen de Staat --- Société Maatschappij --- Etat Staat --- Ambtenarenrecht. Statuut van het openbaar ambt. Theorie van het openbaar ambt--Frankrijk --- Personeelsmanagement: openbaar ambt: Frankrijk --- Bestuur en beleid: nationale en regionale studies: Frankrijk --- Politieke structuren: elite --- 35.08 <44> Ambtenarenrecht. Statuut van het openbaar ambt. Theorie van het openbaar ambt--Frankrijk --- Départements ministériels --- Executive departments. --- Elite (Social sciences) - France --- VIE POLITIQUE --- POLITICIENS --- ELITES --- FRANCE